Many injuries (such as fractures, dislocations, soft-tissue trauma, sprains, and muscle tears) are not exclusive to sports practice; they can also result from non-athletic activities or accidents.

The diagnosis of injuries, whether sports-related or not, is based on the clinical history (symptoms and a detailed account of the injury mechanism) and on physical examination. Imaging studies, particularly musculoskeletal ultrasound, serve as complementary diagnostic tools.

Treatment protocols are not standardized; they must be individualized. Management depends on the patient’s level of physical activity, time within the sporting season, sex, age, and the type of sport practiced. Once an accurate diagnosis is established, the most appropriate treatment is recommended for each case.

Specific primary and secondary prevention programs can reduce the incidence of injuries occurring during physical exercise or sports participation.